Constants and Operators
- Last UpdatedAug 14, 2026
- 2 minute read
The standard rules of precedence are used for computing formulae:
-
Expressions in brackets, mathematical operators (such as ABS, MAX)
-
Power
-
Multiplication and division
-
Addition and subtraction
-
Logical operations
You can use brackets to modify the order of operations. Example: (X+1)*10. The keywords in the following tables are not case sensitive.
Constants
|
Name |
Explanation |
Example |
|
E |
Constant e (2.718281828...) |
E+1 |
|
PI |
Constant π (3.14159265...) |
PI+1 |
Arithmetical operations
|
Operation |
Explanation |
Example |
|
+ |
Addition |
X+1 |
|
- |
Subtraction |
X-1 |
|
* |
Multiplication |
X*10 |
|
/ |
Division |
X/10 |
Mathematical operations
|
Operator |
Explanation |
Example |
|
LOG10 |
Logarithm to base 10 |
LOG10(X) |
|
LN |
Logarithm to base e |
LN(X) |
|
^ |
Power |
10^X |
|
EXP |
e-to-the-power-of |
EXP(X) |
|
EXP10 |
10-to-the-power-of |
EXP10(X) |
|
ABS |
Absolute value |
ABS(X) |
|
SQRT |
Square root |
SQRT(X) |
|
MAX |
Maximum of two values |
MAX(X,SQRT(X)) |
|
MIN |
Minimum of two values |
MIN(X,SQRT(X)) |
|
- |
Negation of value |
-X |
|
TANH |
Hyperbolic tangent |
TANH(X) |
|
ATANH |
Inverse hyperbolic tangent |
ATANH(X) |
|
SIN |
Sine |
SIN(X) |
|
COS |
Cosine |
COS(X) |
Logical operations
|
Operator |
Explanation |
Example |
|
IF |
Checks whether a condition is met and returns one value if TRUE and another value if FALSE |
IF(X>1,LOG10(X),0) |
|
< |
Less than |
IF(X<1,0,1) |
|
> |
Greater than |
IF(X>1,0,1) |
|
<= |
Less than or equal to |
IF(X<=1,0,1) |
|
>= |
Greater than or equal to |
IF(X>=1,0,1) |
|
= |
Equal to |
IF(X=1,0,1) |
|
!= |
Not equal to |
IF(X!=1,0,1) |
|
NOT |
Changes FALSE to TRUE, or TRUE to FALSE |
IF(NOT(X>1),0,1) |
|
AND |
Returns TRUE if all arguments are TRUE; returns FALSE is any argument is FALSE |
IF(X>1 AND X<2,0,1) |
|
OR |
Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE; returns FALSE if all arguments are FALSE |
IF(X=1 OR X=2,0,1) |
|
XOR |
Returns TRUE if one condition is TRUE but not both; returns FALSE if both conditions are FALSE or both conditions are TRUE |
IF(X=1 XOR X=2,0,1) |