Conclusion

Security lapses present a serious threat to ICS software and infrastructure. Therefore, it is important for every organization to:

• Be proactive about preventing security lapses.

• Identify potential lapses.

• Detect them in a timely manner when they occur.

• Address lapses to ensure minimum disruption and maximum availability.

To this end:

• Computers and networks must be secured.

• Users and groups must be authenticated and authorized.

• Contingency plans must be in place to recover from untoward or intentional events.

Refer to the document "Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security" [NIST Special Publication 800-82 Revision 2] (https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-82r2.pdf) for additional details and recommendations.