Process Library

AirSide*

Submodel

Provides the fan loss calculations with natural convection for the HXAC model.

Analyzer

Model

Represents an analyzer that reports sampled laboratory data, such as boiling temperature (Tb) at the actual stream pressure, boiling pressure (Pb) at the actual stream temperature, dew temperature (Td) at the actual stream pressure, dew pressure (Pd) at the actual stream temperature, or true vapor pressure (TVP).

AtomCount*

Submodel

Provides the calculations to count how many atoms of each element are present in a component.

Burner

Model

Models a simple fuel-air combustion model designed to produce a hot gas product stream from a gas feed.

ChangeExample

Submodel

Represents an example that illustrates how to create a custom component change model to use with the FluidChange model, as explained in the FluidChange's specific help document.

ClosedLoop

Model

Allows you to specify the composition and flowrate of a utility stream circulating in a closed system and avoid the need for a makeup or bleed arrangement. You must place the ClosedLoop into a closed circulation loop without any external feeds and products. It detects differences in the specified feed composition and flowrate and flags a warning.

CNVR

Model

Models a conversion reactor. It converts its feed stream composition into a product stream composition based on component reaction rates expressed through stoichiometric relations.

ColDP*

Submodel

Calculates the internal condenser loop pressure drop in the Column model.

ColDrum*

Submodel

Serves as an internal condenser (for vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) fluids) or reboiler (Sump = None) in the Column model. For more information, see the Process.Drum help file.

ColEl*

Submodel

Provides the framework for using elevations in the Column model for hydraulic studies.

ColHXU*

Submodel

Serves as an internal reboiler (when Sump = Single) in the Column model.

ColLC*

Submodel

Serves as an internal proportional-integral-derivative (PID) level controller in the Column model.

ColMix*

Submodel

Allows you to mix two streams into a single stream in the Column model.

ColPC*

Submodel

Serves as an internal PID pressure controller in the Column model.

ColProps*

Submodel

Provides column stage properties for hydraulic calculations.

ColRxnSet

Submodel

Allows you to configure multiple types of reactions on a single stage in the column. You can simultaneously calculate reaction rates from equilibrium, kinetic, and conversion reactions.

ColSeparator*

Submodel

Serves as an internal condenser (for vapor-liquid-liquid equilibrium (VLLE) fluids) in the Column model. For more information, see the Process.Separator help file.

ColSplit*

Submodel

Serves as an internal splitter submodel to split a single stream into two streams in the Column model.

ColStage*

Submodel

Serves as the VLE stage submodel for the Column. It is an internal equilibrium stage submodel that supports VLE, VLLE, and vapor-liquid-water equilibrium (VLWE) and reactions (kinetic catalyst-mass based, kinetic catalyst-volume based, or equilibrium based) with contact-efficiency formulations.

ColSump*

Submodel

Serves as an internal equilibrium sump in the Column model.

ColSumpRecycle*

Submodel

Improves convergence of the reboiler recycle loop in the Column model.

ColSumpSep*

Submodel

Serves as an internal phase separator and splitter used for the sump in the Column model. It includes a contact efficiency factor to enable vapor to mix back into the liquid.

ColTC*

Submodel

Serves as an internal PID temperature controller in the Column model.

Column

Model

Models the fractionation of vapor and liquid mixtures. It represents a multiphase equilibrium (VLE, VLLE, or VLWE) stage model for the rigorous solution of multicomponent distillation. We designed the Column model for accurate application in Process, Fluid Flow, and Dynamics mode.

ColValve*

Submodel

Serves as an internal valve in the Column model.

CompRange

Model

Calculates component composition ranges, ratios, and recoveries. It allows you to reference two streams for which numerator and denominator terms are composed as a function of specified components.

Compressor

Model

Models a centrifugal or axial compressor. This model uses thermodynamic properties to perform isentropic calculations and then uses an adiabatic or polytropic efficiency to calculate outlet properties and brake power.

CompSplit

Model

Models a component splitter that allows you to split the combined feed into multiple outlets of any desired composition and temperature. An optional outlet purge stream automatically provides the difference in component flows between the inputs and outputs.

CompSplitOut*

Submodel

Calculates the composition and energy of every outlet stream of the CompSplit model.

CSTR

Model

Models a continuously stirred tank reactor. It converts its feed stream composition into a product stream composition based on component reaction rates per volume or catalyst mass as expressed through stoichiometric relations and a formulation for the reaction kinetics.

CSTRRxnSet

Submodel

Allows you to configure multiple types of reactions in a single CSTR model. You can simultaneously calculate reaction rates from equilibrium, kinetic, and conversion reactions.

CurveStateInternals*

Submodel

Provides the necessary variables and parameters that the software needs to initialize and use variables from a Curve Type. We recommend that you do not change this submodel.

DefBurner

Submodel

Represents a default replaceable submodel for the CombModelType parameter in the Burner model. This submodel returns the combustion rates to the Burner model.

DefChange

Submodel

Represents a default replaceable submodel for the CompModelType parameter in the FluidChange model. This submodel returns a composition to the FluidChange model.

DefChemPot

Submodel

Provides a default replaceable submodel that contains calculations for the chemical potential for the GMR model.

DefCNV

Submodel

Provides a default replaceable submodel for CNVR models. This submodel returns a dz vector (reaction rate change per unit feed for each component) in kmol/kmol. Use this submodel as a blueprint to formulate custom expressions for conversion or equilibrium reactions.

DefEQ

Submodel

Provides a default replaceable submodel for EQR models. This submodel returns a dz vector (reaction rate change per unit feed for each component) in kmol/kmol. Use this submodel as a blueprint to formulate custom expressions for conversion or equilibrium reactions.

DefHXSide

Submodel

Provides a default replaceable submodel that contains calculations for pressure drop and heat transfer for heat exchanger models (HX, HXU, HXC, HXWC, HXAC,and HXTR).

DefKinetics

Submodel

Represents a replaceable submodel for reactor models of the type CSTR and PFR and for the Column. This submodel returns a Rate vector in the unit of measure (UOM) kmol/sec-kg or kmol/sec-m3 depending on whether the Rate vector is used in context of reaction volume or catalyst mass. Use this submodel as a blueprint to formulate custom kinetic expressions.

DefNoEntrain

Submodel

Provides a replaceable submodel for entrainment in the Drum model where you set it to have no entrainment correlations.

Drum

Model

Models the separation of vapor and liquid. Use this model as a flash drum for heat and material balances and a vessel for Fluid Flow and Dynamics simulation.

ElemX*

Submodel

Provides the approach temperature calculations and crossover warnings for the HXPF and HXSW models.

Enlarger

Model

Models a pipe enlargement or contraction. For incompressible (liquid) flow, it uses a constant-density Darcy equation to provide an initial solution when necessary. For compressible (vapor) flow, it uses a compressible flow equation for high velocity flow.

EntrainVL

Submodel

Provides a replaceable submodel for entrainment in the Drum model. It contains simple equations to set entrainment with entrainment fractions.

EntrainVLL

Submodel

Provides a replaceable submodel for entrainment in a three-phase Separator. It contains simple equations to set entrainment among the three phases with entrainment fractions.

EQR

Model

Models an equilibrium reactor. It converts its feed stream composition into a product stream composition based on component reaction rates expressed through stoichiometric relations and a formulation for the chemical equilibrium constant.

EqSep_2Ph*

Submodel

Provides the two-phase equilibrium separation submodel for the Drum and CSTR models.

EqSep_3Ph*

Submodel

Provides the three-phase equilibrium separation submodel for the Separator and CSTR models.

Expander

Model

Models a simple gas expander. This model uses the compositional thermodynamic properties to perform isentropic power calculations based on power.

Extractor

Model

Models the removal of solutes from a liquid into a solvent by extraction. It represents a liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) stage model for the rigorous solution of multicomponent extraction. We designed the Extractor model for application in Process mode while supporting Fluid Flow and Dynamics mode.

Flag

Model

Allows you to indicate upstream and downstream models at a flowsheet boundary. It has an isolate operation option where the Flag model acts like a Source model, the downstream models are isolated, and you can specify fixed conditions. When you use the Flag model as a Source model, you can isolate the downstream section from the upstream process and solve it independently.

FluidChange

Model

Changes the Fluid Type of the stream entering the model to a new Fluid Type leaving the model. The new Fluid Type may have a different thermodynamic method, different phases, or even a different component slate.

GMR

Model

Models a Gibbs minimization reactor. It converts its feed stream composition into a product stream composition by calculating the reaction equilibrium through minimizing the Gibbs free energy.

Header

Model

Models either a Header to represent a large piping manifold with low pressure drop or a mixing junction to represent a piping tee.

HX

Model

Models a one-sided or two-sided shell-and-tube heat exchanger model. The number of stream connections defines the number of sides.

HXAC

Model

Models an air-cooled heat exchanger model with air as the cooling fluid.

HXC

Model

Models a one-sided heat exchanger that you can use to represent coils with a Drum, Separator, or reactor model. Connect the HXC model to a Drum, Separator or reactor with a Heat Stream. You typically use the HXC model for modeling a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) coil with gas turbine exhaust to heat up boiler feed water or steam.

HXPF

Model

Models a plate fin heat exchanger with up to 10 hot sides and 10 cold sides. Each side exchanges heat with a common metal wall.

HXSW

Model

Models a spiral wound coil heat exchanger found in liquid natural gas (LNG) applications with up to 5 hot tube sides and a common cold side on the shell. Each hot side includes a tube wall metal and exchanges heat with the common cold-side fluid.

HXTR

Model

Models a typical vertical thermosiphon reboiler with the process fluid on the tube side and a condensing hot fluid on the shell side.

HXU

Model

Models a one-sided heat exchanger that you can use to represent either the hot or cold side. The HXU model has inlet and outlet connections for a process fluid and a control port connection. You typically use the HXU model as a simplified representation of a cold or hot utility when the complexity of the utility system is not required.

HXWC

Model

Models a water cooler (or utility) heat exchanger with a built-in water side. It can calculate the flow of water to provide the desired heat transfer.

KGPacking

Submodel

Serves as a replaceable internals submodel for the Column model that provides hydraulic correlations for pressure drop, capacity, and liquid holdup for Koch-Glitsch structured packings. The third-party KGPackCalc.dll file provides the calculations.

Mix

Model

Combines multiple feed streams into one product stream. It imposes a pressure balance on all streams in all modes.

MotiveAir

Submodel

Provides a replaceable submodel for the MotiveModelType parameter in the Valve model. This submodel is set with air as the motive power.

Motor

Model

Represents the physical motor that powers rotating equipment items. Connect a Motor to a rotating equipment model, such as a Pump or Compressor, to set its speed to any value between zero and the Speedref value of the rotating equipment model.

MPFeedRev*

Submodel

Provides the phase property calculations for reverse flow in multi-port models like EqSep_2Ph and EqSep_3Ph.

NoMotivePwr

Submodel

Provides a replaceable submodel for the MotiveModelType parameter in the Valve model. This submodel is set with no motive power.

NonEqSep_2Ph*

Submodel

Provides the two-phase non-equilibrium separation submodel for the Drum model.

Orifice

Model

Models a reduction in pressure or a flow restriction orifice (RO) device. It is based on orifice equations in Crane Technical Paper 410. It uses a curve for a square-edged orifice coefficient based on the assumption that the flow is fully turbulent.

PFElem*

Submodel

Serves as a single two-sided element for a segmented heat exchanger, such as the HXPF model.

PFPath*

Submodel

Serves as the path model (co-current flow) for the HXPF model.

PFPathCC*

Submodel

Serves as the path model (countercurrent flow) for the HXPF model.

PFR

Model

Models a plug flow reactor. This model converts its feed stream composition into a product stream composition based on component reaction rates per volume or catalyst mass as expressed through stoichiometric relations and a formulation for the reaction kinetics.

PFRElem*

Submodel

Serves as the plug flow reactor element (mixed zone) in the PFR model.

PFWallElem*

Submodel

Serves as the wall element for the HXPF model.

Pipe

Model

Models flow-based equipment. This model uses a constant-density Darcy equation designed to model pipes with moderate pressure drop.

PipeRig

Model

Models a multi-segment, flow-based rigorous pipe model. This model can be horizontal or inclined. You typically use this model for transportation of multiphase or single-phase fluids. It uses the Beggs-Brill-Moody and Beggs-Brill-Moody High Velocity correlations to predict the total pressure drop.

PSV

Model

Models a pressure relief valve. It remains inactive with zero flow in Process and Fluid Flow modes. In Dynamics mode, it opens and passes a flow calculated from the pressure difference and valve orifice area. The PSV also includes an optional Out port for automatic calculation of backpressure in Dynamics mode. You can also connect a pressure transmitter signal to the Pilot port to model a pilot valve assembly.

Pump

Model

Models a dynamic pump (for example, a centrifugal or axial pump). This model uses performance curves to relate pressure rise and brake power to flowrate. It also uses affinity laws (fan laws) or multi-curve interpolation to calculate the effects of speed or impeller diameter on the performance curve.

Recip

Model

Models a reciprocating compressor. This model uses the same thermodynamic properties as the centrifugal Compressor model to perform isentropic power calculations.

Recycle

Model

Improves the convergence of a recycle loop through iterative sequential updates rather than by solving it simultaneously. This method is commonly known as tearing. Sometimes tearing may help difficult convergence problems solve.

RefineryTests

Model

Calculates and reports the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D86 curves and other refinery inspection properties for a stream that includes petrocomponents. You can also include true boiling point (TBP) curves and ASTM D1160 curves at 10 mmHg and 760 mmHg.

RefineryVP

Model

Calculates and reports the true vapor pressure (TVP) and Reid vapor pressure (RVP) for a stream that includes petrocomponents.

RVPD323*

Submodel

Calculates RVP by using the ASTM D323-82 laboratory testing method.

RxnDP

Submodel

Represents a default replaceable submodel for the DPModelType parameter in one of the reactor models (such as the EQR model). This submodel returns a pressure drop value to the reactor model.

RxnDPErgun

Submodel

Represents a replaceable submodel for the DPModelType parameter in one of the reactor models (such as the EQR model). This submodel returns a pressure drop value. It provides pressure drop calculations for packed catalyst beds in the Column and reactor models.

Screw

Model

Models a screw compressor, which is a type of positive-displacement compressor that reduces the volume of a chamber to achieve compression. The screw compressor can be either oil-filled or dry. For simplicity, we model the oil as an incompressible fluid that does not mix with the compressed gas. However, we still model the thermal effects from first principles. You can change the properties of the oil to match you plant's operation.

Separator

Model

Models the separation of vapor and two liquid phases. Use this model as a flash drum for heat and material balances and a separator for Fluid Flow and Dynamics simulation.

SepGeometry*

Submodel

Provides the horizontal separator geometry for the Separator model.

Shaft

Model

Represents the physical linkage between rotating equipment items. You can connect multiple mechanical stream inputs to the shaft.

SimpleTray

Submodel

Serves as a replaceable internals submodel for the Column model. This submodel holds hydraulic correlations for a simplified tray. It uses a simple conductance approach for pressure drop, uses the Francis formula for liquid weir flow, always sets weeping to zero, and uses a simple correlation for the 24-inch curve in the Souders-Brown Capacity Factor Chart from Fair and Matthews. The liquid and gas velocities are based on the full cross sectional area of the internals.

Sink

Model

Sets downstream pressure at the process boundary in all modes. However, for steam systems, you may want to use the sink to set flow rates to typical refinery steam consumers.

Source

Model

Defines the flow, thermodynamic state, and composition of a feed stream. In Process mode, specify the pressure, temperature, flow, and composition of the stream. In Fluid Flow and Dynamics modes, the flow is typically calculated.

Split

Model

Models a stream splitter that allows one feed stream and multiple product streams. This model imposes a pressure balance on all streams in all modes.

StageLLE*

Submodel

Serves as a VLLE stage submodel for the Column model. It supports LLE with contact efficiency formulations.

Stichlmair

Submodel

Serves as a replaceable internals submodel for the Column model. It holds hydraulic correlations for pressure drop, holdup, and capacity calculations based on Stichlmair et al.

Stream

Model

Reports stream properties. For simulations created with the Process or Steam simulation template, the simualtion automatically uses this model as the connection model for streams. This model calculates all variables based on the actual direction of flow.

StreamChange

Model

Serves to change inlet properties of a stream, such as temperature or pressure, by a specified amplitude. You can multiply the amplitude by a signal value, such as the signal value from a Wave model. Thus, the StreamChange serves to simulate periodic temperature or pressure variations in the upstream process.

SulzerPacking

Submodel

Serves as a replaceable internals submodel for the Column model that provides hydraulic correlations for pressure drop, capacity, and liquid holdup for Sulzer structured packings. The third-party HydraulicDLL_v1.0.dll file provides the calculations.

SWElem*

Submodel

Serves as a single two-sided element for a segmented heat exchanger, such as the HXSW model.

SWPathC*

Submodel

Serves as the cold-side path model for the HXSW model.

SWPathH*

Submodel

Serves as the hot-side path model for the HXSW model.

Tank

Model

Models an atmospheric tank for liquids only. The pressure is always constant.

Trays

Submodel

Serves as a replaceable internals submodel for the Column model. This submodel holds hydraulic correlations for Sieve, Valve, and Bubblecap Trays.

UltimateAnalysis*

Submodel

Generates fluid properties and stoichiometry coefficients for the burning of Ultimate Analysis fuels.

Valve

Model

Models incompressible (liquid) flow or compressible (vapor) flow including choked flow.

ValveTrayCoeff*

Submodel

Provides the loss coefficients for the Trays submodel when you set the Type parameter in the Trays submodel to Valve.